Char Struktur

Definisi

public value class char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>

public value class char : IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, IParsable<char>, ISpanParsable<char>, IUtf8SpanParsable<char>, System::Numerics::IAdditionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IAdditiveIdentity<char, char>, System::Numerics::IBinaryInteger<char>, System::Numerics::IBinaryNumber<char>, System::Numerics::IBitwiseOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IComparisonOperators<char, char, bool>, System::Numerics::IDecrementOperators<char>, System::Numerics::IDivisionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IEqualityOperators<char, char, bool>, System::Numerics::IIncrementOperators<char>, System::Numerics::IMinMaxValue<char>, System::Numerics::IModulusOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IMultiplicativeIdentity<char, char>, System::Numerics::IMultiplyOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::INumber<char>, System::Numerics::INumberBase<char>, System::Numerics::IShiftOperators<char, int, char>, System::Numerics::ISubtractionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnaryNegationOperators<char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnaryPlusOperators<char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnsignedNumber<char>

public value class char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, ISpanFormattable

public value class char : IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, IParsable<char>, ISpanParsable<char>, System::Numerics::IAdditionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IAdditiveIdentity<char, char>, System::Numerics::IBinaryInteger<char>, System::Numerics::IBinaryNumber<char>, System::Numerics::IBitwiseOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IComparisonOperators<char, char, bool>, System::Numerics::IDecrementOperators<char>, System::Numerics::IDivisionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IEqualityOperators<char, char, bool>, System::Numerics::IIncrementOperators<char>, System::Numerics::IMinMaxValue<char>, System::Numerics::IModulusOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IMultiplicativeIdentity<char, char>, System::Numerics::IMultiplyOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::INumber<char>, System::Numerics::INumberBase<char>, System::Numerics::IShiftOperators<char, int, char>, System::Numerics::ISubtractionOperators<char, char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnaryNegationOperators<char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnaryPlusOperators<char, char>, System::Numerics::IUnsignedNumber<char>

public value class char : IComparable, IConvertible

public value class char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IEquatable<char>

public struct Char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>

public readonly struct Char : IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, IParsable<char>, ISpanParsable<char>, IUtf8SpanParsable<char>, System.Numerics.IAdditionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IAdditiveIdentity<char,char>, System.Numerics.IBinaryInteger<char>, System.Numerics.IBinaryNumber<char>, System.Numerics.IBitwiseOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IComparisonOperators<char,char,bool>, System.Numerics.IDecrementOperators<char>, System.Numerics.IDivisionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IEqualityOperators<char,char,bool>, System.Numerics.IIncrementOperators<char>, System.Numerics.IMinMaxValue<char>, System.Numerics.IModulusOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IMultiplicativeIdentity<char,char>, System.Numerics.IMultiplyOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.INumber<char>, System.Numerics.INumberBase<char>, System.Numerics.IShiftOperators<char,int,char>, System.Numerics.ISubtractionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnaryNegationOperators<char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnaryPlusOperators<char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnsignedNumber<char>

public readonly struct Char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>

public readonly struct Char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, ISpanFormattable

public readonly struct Char : IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>, IParsable<char>, ISpanParsable<char>, System.Numerics.IAdditionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IAdditiveIdentity<char,char>, System.Numerics.IBinaryInteger<char>, System.Numerics.IBinaryNumber<char>, System.Numerics.IBitwiseOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IComparisonOperators<char,char,bool>, System.Numerics.IDecrementOperators<char>, System.Numerics.IDivisionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IEqualityOperators<char,char,bool>, System.Numerics.IIncrementOperators<char>, System.Numerics.IMinMaxValue<char>, System.Numerics.IModulusOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IMultiplicativeIdentity<char,char>, System.Numerics.IMultiplyOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.INumber<char>, System.Numerics.INumberBase<char>, System.Numerics.IShiftOperators<char,int,char>, System.Numerics.ISubtractionOperators<char,char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnaryNegationOperators<char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnaryPlusOperators<char,char>, System.Numerics.IUnsignedNumber<char>

[System.Serializable]
public struct Char : IComparable, IConvertible

[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public struct Char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IConvertible, IEquatable<char>

public struct Char : IComparable, IComparable<char>, IEquatable<char>

type char = struct
    interface IConvertible

type char = struct
    interface IConvertible
    interface IFormattable
    interface IParsable<char>
    interface ISpanFormattable
    interface ISpanParsable<char>
    interface IUtf8SpanFormattable
    interface IUtf8SpanParsable<char>
    interface IAdditionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IAdditiveIdentity<char, char>
    interface IBinaryInteger<char>
    interface IBinaryNumber<char>
    interface IBitwiseOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IComparisonOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IEqualityOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IDecrementOperators<char>
    interface IDivisionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IIncrementOperators<char>
    interface IModulusOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<char, char>
    interface IMultiplyOperators<char, char, char>
    interface INumber<char>
    interface INumberBase<char>
    interface ISubtractionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IUnaryNegationOperators<char, char>
    interface IUnaryPlusOperators<char, char>
    interface IShiftOperators<char, int, char>
    interface IMinMaxValue<char>
    interface IUnsignedNumber<char>

type char = struct
    interface IConvertible
    interface ISpanFormattable
    interface IFormattable

type char = struct
    interface IConvertible
    interface IFormattable
    interface IParsable<char>
    interface ISpanFormattable
    interface ISpanParsable<char>
    interface IAdditionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IAdditiveIdentity<char, char>
    interface IBinaryInteger<char>
    interface IBinaryNumber<char>
    interface IBitwiseOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IComparisonOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IEqualityOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IDecrementOperators<char>
    interface IDivisionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IIncrementOperators<char>
    interface IModulusOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<char, char>
    interface IMultiplyOperators<char, char, char>
    interface INumber<char>
    interface INumberBase<char>
    interface ISubtractionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IUnaryNegationOperators<char, char>
    interface IUnaryPlusOperators<char, char>
    interface IShiftOperators<char, int, char>
    interface IMinMaxValue<char>
    interface IUnsignedNumber<char>

type char = struct
    interface IConvertible
    interface IFormattable
    interface IParsable<char>
    interface ISpanFormattable
    interface ISpanParsable<char>
    interface IAdditionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IAdditiveIdentity<char, char>
    interface IBinaryInteger<char>
    interface IBinaryNumber<char>
    interface IBitwiseOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IComparisonOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IEqualityOperators<char, char, bool>
    interface IDecrementOperators<char>
    interface IDivisionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IIncrementOperators<char>
    interface IModulusOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IMultiplicativeIdentity<char, char>
    interface IMultiplyOperators<char, char, char>
    interface INumber<char>
    interface INumberBase<char>
    interface ISubtractionOperators<char, char, char>
    interface IUnaryNegationOperators<char, char>
    interface IUnaryPlusOperators<char, char>
    interface IUtf8SpanFormattable
    interface IUtf8SpanParsable<char>
    interface IShiftOperators<char, int, char>
    interface IMinMaxValue<char>
    interface IUnsignedNumber<char>

[<System.Serializable>]
type char = struct
    interface IConvertible

[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type char = struct
    interface IConvertible

type char = struct

Public Structure Char
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Char), IConvertible, IEquatable(Of Char)

Public Structure Char
Implements IAdditionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IAdditiveIdentity(Of Char, Char), IBinaryInteger(Of Char), IBinaryNumber(Of Char), IBitwiseOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IComparable(Of Char), IComparisonOperators(Of Char, Char, Boolean), IConvertible, IDecrementOperators(Of Char), IDivisionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IEqualityOperators(Of Char, Char, Boolean), IEquatable(Of Char), IIncrementOperators(Of Char), IMinMaxValue(Of Char), IModulusOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IMultiplicativeIdentity(Of Char, Char), IMultiplyOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), INumber(Of Char), INumberBase(Of Char), IParsable(Of Char), IShiftOperators(Of Char, Integer, Char), ISpanParsable(Of Char), ISubtractionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IUnaryNegationOperators(Of Char, Char), IUnaryPlusOperators(Of Char, Char), IUnsignedNumber(Of Char), IUtf8SpanParsable(Of Char)

Public Structure Char
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Char), IConvertible, IEquatable(Of Char), ISpanFormattable

Public Structure Char
Implements IAdditionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IAdditiveIdentity(Of Char, Char), IBinaryInteger(Of Char), IBinaryNumber(Of Char), IBitwiseOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IComparable(Of Char), IComparisonOperators(Of Char, Char, Boolean), IConvertible, IDecrementOperators(Of Char), IDivisionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IEqualityOperators(Of Char, Char, Boolean), IEquatable(Of Char), IIncrementOperators(Of Char), IMinMaxValue(Of Char), IModulusOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IMultiplicativeIdentity(Of Char, Char), IMultiplyOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), INumber(Of Char), INumberBase(Of Char), IParsable(Of Char), IShiftOperators(Of Char, Integer, Char), ISpanParsable(Of Char), ISubtractionOperators(Of Char, Char, Char), IUnaryNegationOperators(Of Char, Char), IUnaryPlusOperators(Of Char, Char), IUnsignedNumber(Of Char)

Public Structure Char
Implements IComparable, IConvertible

Public Structure Char
Implements IComparable, IComparable(Of Char), IEquatable(Of Char)

Warisan

Object

ValueType

Char

Atribut

SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

Penerapan

IComparable IComparable<Char> IConvertible IEquatable<Char> IComparable<TSelf> IEquatable<TSelf> IFormattable IParsable<Char> IParsable<TSelf> ISpanFormattable ISpanParsable<Char> ISpanParsable<TSelf> IUtf8SpanFormattable IUtf8SpanParsable<Char> IUtf8SpanParsable<TSelf> IAdditionOperators<Char,Char,Char> IAdditionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IAdditiveIdentity<Char,Char> IAdditiveIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> IBinaryInteger<Char> IBinaryNumber<Char> IBinaryNumber<TSelf> IBitwiseOperators<Char,Char,Char> IBitwiseOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IComparisonOperators<Char,Char,Boolean> IComparisonOperators<TSelf,TSelf,Boolean> IDecrementOperators<Char> IDecrementOperators<TSelf> IDivisionOperators<Char,Char,Char> IDivisionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IEqualityOperators<Char,Char,Boolean> IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TOther,TResult> IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TSelf,Boolean> IIncrementOperators<Char> IIncrementOperators<TSelf> IMinMaxValue<Char> IModulusOperators<Char,Char,Char> IModulusOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IMultiplicativeIdentity<Char,Char> IMultiplicativeIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> IMultiplyOperators<Char,Char,Char> IMultiplyOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> INumber<Char> INumber<TSelf> INumberBase<Char> INumberBase<TSelf> IShiftOperators<Char,Int32,Char> IShiftOperators<TSelf,Int32,TSelf> ISubtractionOperators<Char,Char,Char> ISubtractionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> IUnaryNegationOperators<Char,Char> IUnaryNegationOperators<TSelf,TSelf> IUnaryPlusOperators<Char,Char> IUnaryPlusOperators<TSelf,TSelf> IUnsignedNumber<Char>

Contoh

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan beberapa metode di Char.

using System;

public class CharStructureSample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        char chA = 'A';
        char ch1 = '1';
        string str = "test string";

        Console.WriteLine(chA.CompareTo('B'));          //-----------  Output: "-1" (meaning 'A' is 1 less than 'B')
        Console.WriteLine(chA.Equals('A'));             //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.GetNumericValue(ch1));   //-----------  Output: "1"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsControl('\t'));        //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsDigit(ch1));           //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsLetter(','));          //-----------  Output: "False"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsLower('u'));           //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsNumber(ch1));          //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsPunctuation('.'));     //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsSeparator(str, 4));    //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsSymbol('+'));          //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsWhiteSpace(str, 4));   //-----------  Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.Parse("S"));             //-----------  Output: "S"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.ToLower('M'));           //-----------  Output: "m"
        Console.WriteLine('x'.ToString());              //-----------  Output: "x"
    }
}

open System

let chA = 'A'
let ch1 = '1'
let str = "test string"

printfn $"{chA.CompareTo 'B'}"          //-----------  Output: "-1" (meaning 'A' is 1 less than 'B')
printfn $"{chA.Equals 'A'}"             //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.GetNumericValue ch1}"   //-----------  Output: "1"
printfn $"{Char.IsControl '\t'}"        //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsDigit ch1}"           //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsLetter ','}"          //-----------  Output: "False"
printfn $"{Char.IsLower 'u'}"           //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsNumber ch1}"          //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsPunctuation '.'}"     //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsSeparator(str, 4)}"   //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsSymbol '+'}"          //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"{Char.IsWhiteSpace(str, 4)}"  //-----------  Output: "True"
printfn $"""{Char.Parse "S"}"""         //-----------  Output: "S"
printfn $"{Char.ToLower 'M'}"           //-----------  Output: "m"
printfn $"{'x'}"                        //-----------  Output: "x"

Module CharStructure

    Public Sub Main()

        Dim chA As Char
        chA = "A"c
        Dim ch1 As Char
        ch1 = "1"c
        Dim str As String
        str = "test string"

        Console.WriteLine(chA.CompareTo("B"c))          ' Output: "-1" (meaning 'A' is 1 less than 'B')
        Console.WriteLine(chA.Equals("A"c))             ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.GetNumericValue(ch1))    ' Output: "1"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsControl(Chr(9)))       ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsDigit(ch1))            ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsLetter(","c))          ' Output: "False"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsLower("u"c))           ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsNumber(ch1))           ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsPunctuation("."c))     ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsSeparator(str, 4))     ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsSymbol("+"c))          ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.IsWhiteSpace(str, 4))    ' Output: "True"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.Parse("S"))              ' Output: "S"
        Console.WriteLine(Char.ToLower("M"c))           ' Output: "m"
        Console.WriteLine("x"c.ToString())              ' Output: "x"

    End Sub

End Module

Keterangan

Struktur Char mewakili kode titik Unicode dengan menggunakan pengodean UTF-16. Nilai dari objek Char adalah nilai numerik 16-bit (ordinal)nya.

Jika Anda tidak terbiasa dengan Unicode, nilai skalar, titik kode, pasangan pengganti, UTF-16, dan Rune tipe, lihat bagian Pengenalan pengodean karakter di .NET.

Artikel ini memeriksa hubungan antara Char objek dan karakter dan membahas beberapa tugas umum yang dilakukan dengan Char instans. Kami menyarankan agar Anda mempertimbangkan jenisnya Rune , yang diperkenalkan di .NET Core 3.0, sebagai alternatif Char untuk melakukan beberapa tugas ini.

Objek char, karakter Unicode, dan string

Objek String adalah kumpulan Char struktur berurutan yang mewakili string teks. Sebagian besar karakter Unicode dapat diwakili oleh satu Char objek, tetapi karakter yang dikodekan sebagai karakter dasar, pasangan pengganti, dan/atau menggabungkan urutan karakter diwakili oleh beberapa Char objek. Untuk alasan ini, Char struktur dalam String objek tidak selalu setara dengan satu karakter Unicode.

Beberapa unit kode 16-bit digunakan untuk mewakili karakter Unicode tunggal dalam kasus berikut:

• Glyph, yang dapat terdiri dari satu karakter atau karakter dasar diikuti oleh satu atau beberapa karakter penggabung. Misalnya, karakter ä diwakili oleh Char objek yang unit kodenya adalah U+0061 diikuti oleh Char objek yang unit kodenya adalah U+0308. (Karakter ä juga dapat ditentukan oleh satu Char objek yang memiliki unit kode U+00E4.) Contoh berikut menggambarkan bahwa karakter ä terdiri dari dua Char objek.

  using System;
  using System.IO;
  
  public class Example1
  {
      public static void Main()
      {
          StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("chars1.txt");
          char[] chars = [ '\u0061', '\u0308' ];
          string strng = new String(chars);
          sw.WriteLine(strng);
          sw.Close();
      }
  }
  // The example produces the following output:
  //       ä
  

  open System
  open System.IO
  
  let sw = new StreamWriter("chars1.txt")
  let chars = [| '\u0061'; '\u0308' |]
  let string = String chars
  sw.WriteLine string
  sw.Close()
  
  // The example produces the following output:
  //       ä
  

  Imports System.IO
  
  Module Example2
      Public Sub Main()
          Dim sw As New StreamWriter("chars1.txt")
          Dim chars() As Char = {ChrW(&H61), ChrW(&H308)}
          Dim strng As New String(chars)
          sw.WriteLine(strng)
          sw.Close()
      End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example produces the following output:
  '       ä
  

• Karakter di luar Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Unicode mendukung enam belas bidang selain BMP, yang mewakili bidang 0. Titik kode Unicode diwakili dalam UTF-32 dengan nilai 21-bit yang menyertakan bidang. Misalnya, U+1D160 mewakili karakter CATATAN MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH. Karena pengodean UTF-16 hanya memiliki 16 bit, karakter yang berada di luar BMP diwakili oleh pasangan karakter pengganti dalam UTF-16. Contoh berikut menggambarkan bahwa UTF-32 setara dengan U+1D160, karakter MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH NOTE, adalah U+D834 U+DD60. U+D834 adalah pengganti tinggi; pengganti tinggi berkisar dari U+D800 hingga U+DBFF. U+DD60 adalah pengganti rendah; pengganti rendah berkisar dari U+DC00 hingga U+DFFF.

  using System;
  using System.IO;
  
  public class Example3
  {
      public static void Main()
      {
          StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(@".\chars2.txt");
          int utf32 = 0x1D160;
          string surrogate = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(utf32);
          sw.WriteLine($"U+{utf32:X6} UTF-32 = {surrogate} ({ShowCodePoints(surrogate)}) UTF-16");
          sw.Close();
      }
  
      private static string ShowCodePoints(string value)
      {
          string retval = null;
          foreach (var ch in value)
              retval += $"U+{Convert.ToUInt16(ch):X4} ";
  
          return retval.Trim();
      }
  }
  // The example produces the following output:
  //       U+01D160 UTF-32 = ð (U+D834 U+DD60) UTF-16
  

  open System
  open System.IO
  
  let showCodePoints (value: char seq) =
      let str =
          value
          |> Seq.map (fun ch -> $"U+{Convert.ToUInt16 ch:X4}")
          |> String.concat ""
      str.Trim()
  
  let sw = new StreamWriter(@".\chars2.txt")
  let utf32 = 0x1D160
  let surrogate = Char.ConvertFromUtf32 utf32
  sw.WriteLine $"U+{utf32:X6} UTF-32 = {surrogate} ({showCodePoints surrogate}) UTF-16"
  sw.Close()
  
  // The example produces the following output:
  //       U+01D160 UTF-32 = ð (U+D834 U+DD60) UTF-16
  

  Imports System.IO
  
  Module Example4
      Public Sub Main()
          Dim sw As New StreamWriter(".\chars2.txt")
          Dim utf32 As Integer = &H1D160
          Dim surrogate As String = Char.ConvertFromUtf32(utf32)
          sw.WriteLine("U+{0:X6} UTF-32 = {1} ({2}) UTF-16",
                     utf32, surrogate, ShowCodePoints(surrogate))
          sw.Close()
      End Sub
  
      Private Function ShowCodePoints(value As String) As String
          Dim retval As String = Nothing
          For Each ch In value
              retval += String.Format("U+{0:X4} ", Convert.ToUInt16(ch))
          Next
          Return retval.Trim()
      End Function
  End Module
  ' The example produces the following output:
  '       U+01D160 UTF-32 = ð (U+D834 U+DD60) UTF-16
  

Karakter dan kategori karakter

Setiap karakter Unicode atau pasangan pengganti yang valid termasuk dalam kategori Unicode. Dalam .NET, kategori Unicode diwakili oleh anggota UnicodeCategory enumerasi dan menyertakan nilai seperti UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, , UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetterdan UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator, misalnya.

Untuk menentukan kategori Unicode karakter, panggil GetUnicodeCategory metode . Misalnya, contoh berikut memanggil GetUnicodeCategory untuk menampilkan kategori Unicode dari setiap karakter dalam string. Contoh bekerja dengan benar hanya jika tidak ada pasangan pengganti di String instance.

using System;
using System.Globalization;

class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Define a string with a variety of character categories.
      String s = "The red car drove down the long, narrow, secluded road.";
      // Determine the category of each character.
      foreach (var ch in s)
         Console.WriteLine($"'{ch}': {Char.GetUnicodeCategory(ch)}");
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//      'T': UppercaseLetter
//      'h': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'c': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'v': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'w': LowercaseLetter
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      't': LowercaseLetter
//      'h': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'l': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      'g': LowercaseLetter
//      ',': OtherPunctuation
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'w': LowercaseLetter
//      ',': OtherPunctuation
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      's': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'c': LowercaseLetter
//      'l': LowercaseLetter
//      'u': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      '.': OtherPunctuation

open System

// Define a string with a variety of character categories.
let s = "The red car drove down the long, narrow, secluded road."
// Determine the category of each character.
for ch in s do
    printfn $"'{ch}': {Char.GetUnicodeCategory ch}"

// The example displays the following output:
//      'T': UppercaseLetter
//      'h': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'c': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'v': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'w': LowercaseLetter
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      't': LowercaseLetter
//      'h': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'l': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      'g': LowercaseLetter
//      ',': OtherPunctuation
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'n': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'w': LowercaseLetter
//      ',': OtherPunctuation
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      's': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'c': LowercaseLetter
//      'l': LowercaseLetter
//      'u': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      'e': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      ' ': SpaceSeparator
//      'r': LowercaseLetter
//      'o': LowercaseLetter
//      'a': LowercaseLetter
//      'd': LowercaseLetter
//      '.': OtherPunctuation

Imports System.Globalization

Module Example1
    Public Sub Main()
        ' Define a string with a variety of character categories.
        Dim s As String = "The car drove down the narrow, secluded road."
        ' Determine the category of each character.
        For Each ch In s
            Console.WriteLine("'{0}': {1}", ch, Char.GetUnicodeCategory(ch))
        Next
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       'T': UppercaseLetter
'       'h': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'c': LowercaseLetter
'       'a': LowercaseLetter
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       'o': LowercaseLetter
'       'v': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       'o': LowercaseLetter
'       'w': LowercaseLetter
'       'n': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       't': LowercaseLetter
'       'h': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'l': LowercaseLetter
'       'o': LowercaseLetter
'       'n': LowercaseLetter
'       'g': LowercaseLetter
'       ',': OtherPunctuation
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'n': LowercaseLetter
'       'a': LowercaseLetter
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       'o': LowercaseLetter
'       'w': LowercaseLetter
'       ',': OtherPunctuation
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       's': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       'c': LowercaseLetter
'       'l': LowercaseLetter
'       'u': LowercaseLetter
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       'e': LowercaseLetter
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       ' ': SpaceSeparator
'       'r': LowercaseLetter
'       'o': LowercaseLetter
'       'a': LowercaseLetter
'       'd': LowercaseLetter
'       '.': OtherPunctuation

Secara internal, untuk karakter di luar rentang ASCII (U+0000 hingga U+00FF), metode GetUnicodeCategory bergantung pada kategori Unicode yang disediakan oleh kelas CharUnicodeInfo. Karakter Unicode diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Standar Unicode, Versi 8.0.0.

Karakter dan elemen teks

Karena satu karakter dapat diwakili oleh beberapa Char objek, tidak selalu bermakna untuk bekerja dengan objek individual Char . Misalnya, contoh berikut mengonversi titik kode Unicode yang mewakili angka Aegean nol hingga 9 ke unit kode yang dikodekan UTF-16. Karena secara keliru menyamakan Char objek dengan karakter, string yang dihasilkan dilaporkan secara tidak akurat memiliki 20 karakter.

using System;

public class Example5
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string result = String.Empty;
        for (int ctr = 0x10107; ctr <= 0x10110; ctr++)  // Range of Aegean numbers.
            result += Char.ConvertFromUtf32(ctr);

        Console.WriteLine($"The string contains {result.Length} characters.");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//     The string contains 20 characters.

open System

let result =
    [ for i in 0x10107..0x10110 do  // Range of Aegean numbers.
        Char.ConvertFromUtf32 i ]
    |> String.concat ""

printfn $"The string contains {result.Length} characters."


// The example displays the following output:
//     The string contains 20 characters.

Module Example5
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim result As String = String.Empty
        For ctr As Integer = &H10107 To &H10110     ' Range of Aegean numbers.
            result += Char.ConvertFromUtf32(ctr)
        Next
        Console.WriteLine("The string contains {0} characters.", result.Length)
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'     The string contains 20 characters.

Anda dapat melakukan hal berikut untuk menghindari asumsi bahwa Char objek mewakili satu karakter:

• Anda dapat bekerja dengan String objek secara keseluruhan alih-alih bekerja dengan karakter individualnya untuk mewakili dan menganalisis konten linguistik.

• Anda dapat menggunakan String.EnumerateRunes seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam contoh berikut:

  int CountLetters(string s)
  {
      int letterCount = 0;
  
      foreach (Rune rune in s.EnumerateRunes())
      {
          if (Rune.IsLetter(rune))
          { letterCount++; }
      }
  
      return letterCount;
  }
  

  let countLetters (s: string) =
      let mutable letterCount = 0
  
      for rune in s.EnumerateRunes() do
          if Rune.IsLetter rune then
              letterCount <- letterCount + 1
  
      letterCount
  

• Anda dapat menggunakan StringInfo kelas untuk bekerja dengan elemen teks alih-alih objek individual Char . Contoh berikut menggunakan StringInfo objek untuk menghitung jumlah elemen teks dalam string yang terdiri dari angka Aegea nol hingga sembilan. Karena pasangan pengganti dianggap sebagai satu karakter, ini secara benar melaporkan bahwa string berisi sepuluh karakter.

  using System;
  using System.Globalization;
  
  public class Example4
  {
      public static void Main()
      {
          string result = String.Empty;
          for (int ctr = 0x10107; ctr <= 0x10110; ctr++)  // Range of Aegean numbers.
              result += Char.ConvertFromUtf32(ctr);
  
          StringInfo si = new StringInfo(result);
          Console.WriteLine($"The string contains {si.LengthInTextElements} characters.");
      }
  }
  // The example displays the following output:
  //       The string contains 10 characters.
  

  open System
  open System.Globalization
  
  let result =
      [ for i in 0x10107..0x10110 do  // Range of Aegean numbers.
          Char.ConvertFromUtf32 i ]
      |> String.concat ""
  
  
  let si = StringInfo result
  printfn $"The string contains {si.LengthInTextElements} characters."
  
  // The example displays the following output:
  //       The string contains 10 characters.
  

  Imports System.Globalization
  
  Module Example6
      Public Sub Main()
          Dim result As String = String.Empty
          For ctr As Integer = &H10107 To &H10110     ' Range of Aegean numbers.
              result += Char.ConvertFromUtf32(ctr)
          Next
          Dim si As New StringInfo(result)
          Console.WriteLine("The string contains {0} characters.", si.LengthInTextElements)
      End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays the following output:
  '       The string contains 10 characters.
  

• Jika string berisi karakter dasar yang memiliki satu atau beberapa karakter gabungan, Anda dapat memanggil String.Normalize metode untuk mengonversi substring ke satu unit kode yang dikodekan UTF-16. Contoh berikut memanggil String.Normalize metode untuk mengonversi karakter dasar U+0061 (LATIN SMALL LETTER A) dan menggabungkan karakter U+0308 (MENGGABUNGKAN DIAERESIS) ke U+00E4 (LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS).

  using System;
  
  public class Example2
  {
      public static void Main()
      {
          string combining = "\u0061\u0308";
          ShowString(combining);
  
          string normalized = combining.Normalize();
          ShowString(normalized);
      }
  
      private static void ShowString(string s)
      {
          Console.Write($"Length of string: {s.Length} (");
          for (int ctr = 0; ctr < s.Length; ctr++)
          {
              Console.Write($"U+{Convert.ToUInt16(s[ctr]):X4}");
              if (ctr != s.Length - 1) Console.Write(" ");
          }
          Console.WriteLine(")\n");
      }
  }
  // The example displays the following output:
  //       Length of string: 2 (U+0061 U+0308)
  //
  //       Length of string: 1 (U+00E4)
  

  open System
  
  let showString (s: string) =
      printf $"Length of string: {s.Length} ("
      for i = 0 to s.Length - 1 do
          printf $"U+{Convert.ToUInt16 s[i]:X4}"
          if i <> s.Length - 1 then printf " "
      printfn ")\n"
  
  let combining = "\u0061\u0308"
  showString combining
  
  let normalized = combining.Normalize()
  showString normalized
  
  // The example displays the following output:
  //       Length of string: 2 (U+0061 U+0308)
  //
  //       Length of string: 1 (U+00E4)
  

  Module Example3
      Public Sub Main()
          Dim combining As String = ChrW(&H61) + ChrW(&H308)
          ShowString(combining)
  
          Dim normalized As String = combining.Normalize()
          ShowString(normalized)
      End Sub
  
      Private Sub ShowString(s As String)
          Console.Write("Length of string: {0} (", s.Length)
          For ctr As Integer = 0 To s.Length - 1
              Console.Write("U+{0:X4}", Convert.ToUInt16(s(ctr)))
              If ctr <> s.Length - 1 Then Console.Write(" ")
          Next
          Console.WriteLine(")")
          Console.WriteLine()
      End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays the following output:
  '       Length of string: 2 (U+0061 U+0308)
  '       
  '       Length of string: 1 (U+00E4)
  

Operasi umum

Struktur Char menyediakan metode untuk membandingkan Char objek, mengonversi nilai objek saat ini Char ke objek jenis lain, dan menentukan kategori Unicode objek Char :

Nilai char dan interoperabilitas

Ketika jenis terkelola Char , yang diwakili sebagai unit kode yang dikodekan Unicode UTF-16, diteruskan ke kode yang tidak terkelola, marshaller interop mengonversi set karakter ke ANSI secara default. Anda dapat menerapkan atribut DllImportAttribute pada deklarasi pemanggilan platform dan atribut StructLayoutAttribute pada deklarasi interop COM untuk mengontrol set karakter yang digunakan oleh tipe yang dimarshal Char.

Keamanan Thread

Semua anggota jenis ini aman utas. Anggota yang tampaknya mengubah status instans benar-benar mengembalikan instans baru yang diinisialisasi dengan nilai baru. Seperti halnya jenis lain, membaca dan menulis ke variabel bersama yang berisi instans jenis ini harus dilindungi oleh kunci untuk menjamin keamanan utas.

Lihat juga

• IComparable
• IConvertible
• String